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Capnography
• Measurement and graphical display of CO₂ levels in exhaled air. • Main parameter: ETCO₂ (End-Tidal CO₂), the amount of CO₂ present in the exhaled air at the end of expiration. • Normal ETCO₂ Range: 35–45 mmHg • Used in: ICU, ER, Operation theatre, during CPR, sedation, mechanical ventilation. • Type: Non-invasive, continuous One graph of capnography = One respiratory cycle […]
Nishchay
‘Nischay Kits’ are home-based Urine Pregnancy Test (UPT) kits distributed free of charge by ASHA workers. Nikshay mitra:- – It is an online system used in India to track and monitor the RNTCP & NTEP. ✅ FMGE January 2024 (1) – It’s a web-based portal/app used to register, monitor and manage TB patients nationwide (both […]
Visceral Leishmaniasis
– Caused by the Leishmania donovani parasite. – Transmitted through: Sandfly (Phlebotomus species) – Infective form: Promatigote – Diagnostic form: Amastigote (in macrophage) – Endemic region: East UP, West bengal, Bihar Clinical features- • Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen • Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver• Pallor: due to anemia (Pancytopenia)• Fever • Hyperpigmentation (Darkening of skin): referred to as […]